ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneous determi nation of six components in Melastoma dodecandrum and investigate its correlation with antioxidant activity. METHODS Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）method was adopted. The contents of gallic acid ，protocatechuic acid ，isovitexin，rutin and ellagic acid in 23 batches of M. dodecandrum were determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS）method，using vitexin as the internal reference. Then 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）free radical method ，2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ） diammonium salt （ABTS）method and ferric ion reduction/antioxidant power （FRAP）method were applied to determine the antioxidant activity of 23 batches of M. dodecandrum . Grey correlation analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between six components and antioxidant activity. RESULTS The content of vitexin were 0.021％-0.182％. The contents of gallic acid ，protocatechuic acid ，isovitexin，rutin and ellagic acid by QAMS method were 0.008％-0.042％， 0.003％-0.023％，0.071％-0.283％，0.013％-0.140％ and 0.006％-0.021％，respectively. Compared with the results of external standard method ，P was greater than 0.05. Grey correlation analysis showed that the grey correlation coefficients between the contents of six components an d antioxidant activity was 0.727 6- 0.866 9. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the contents of vitexin ，isovitexin and rutin were positively correlated with antioxidant activity （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），the content of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were negatively correlated with antioxidant activity （P＜0.05）. There was no significant correlation between ellagic acid and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONS QAMS method is successfully established for the simultaneous determination of six components in M. dodecandrum. The six components in M. dodecandrum are highly correlated with antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To establish the fingerprint of the ethanol e xtract from Melastoma dodecandrum ， to study spectrum-effect relationship of its antioxidant activity. METHODS ：HPLC method and Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）were used to establish the fingerprints of 15 batches of ethanol extracts from M. dodecandrum，and heir similarity was evaluated. The common peaks were identified by comparing with substance control. DPPH free radical scavenging method ，ABTS free radical scavenging method and total antioxidant capacity determination method （FRAP） were used to determine antioxidant activity in vitro of 15 batches of ethanol extracts from M. dodecandrum . Principal component analysis，bivariate correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were used to study the spectrum-effect relationship of the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts from M. dodecandrum . RESULTS ：Totally 20 common peaks were identified in HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of ethanol extracts from M. dodecandrum ；its similarity with the control fingerprint was not less than 0.831；it was identified that peak 3 was gallic acid ，peak 13 was vitexin ，peak 17 was rutin and peak 19 was ellagic acid. The IC 50 values of DPPH radical scavenging method of 15 batches of ethanol extracts from M. dodecandrum were 21.98-57.87 μ g/mL，that of ABTS radical scavenging method were 40.94-101.88 μ g/mL，the results of FRAP method were 0.19-0.48 mg/mL. Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of IC 50 variance of DPPH was 80.77％. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the peak areas of peak 2 （positive correlation ） and peak 11 （negative correlation ） were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity （P＜0.05）；partial least squares regression analysis showed that ，the variable projection importance （VIP）in descending order was peak 11＞peak 2＞peak 16＞peak 15＞peak 12＞peak 13＞peak 18，and their VIP values were greater than 1. Peaks 2，13，15，16 and 18 were positively correlated with antioxidant activity ，and peaks 11 and 12 were negatively correlate d with antioxidant activity ，and the absolute value of standardized regression coefficient were greater than 0.1. CONCLUSIONS ：Fifteen batches of ethanol extracts of M. dodecandrum have antioxidant activity in vitro . The compounds corresponding to common peaks 2，11，12， 13，15，16 and 18 may be the material basis of antioxidant activity of M. dodecandrum .
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To explore weather oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) may predict the prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Methods: The consecutive newly diagnosed IPAH patients in our hospital from 2010-11 to 2015-06 were prospectively enrolled and regular follow-up study was conducted to record cardiovascular events (death and lung transplantation). Kaplan–Meier curve, uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the survival rate in relevant patients. Results: A total of 210 IPAH patients at the mean age of (32±10) years were finished cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and received regular follow-up study including 159 female. There were 31 patients died and 1 received lung transplantation over 41 months follow-up period. OUES was positively related to peak oxygen uptake (VO2)/body weight (r=0.71, P0.52 L/(min?m2) (41.9% vs 89.8%), P<0.0001.Conclusion: OUES as a submaximal CPET parameter may well predict the prognosis in IPAH patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on sildenaifl effect for treating the patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: A total of 25 PAH patients received sildenaifl treatment in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2014-01 were enrolled as PAH group, in addition, there were a Control group including 24 healthy subjects. The CPET, echocardiography, NYHA function class, 6-mimute walking distance (6MWD) and plasma levels of NT-proBNP at the baseline, (6-12) months and (13-18) months after sildenaifl treatment were assessed and compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with Control group, PAH group showed decreased aerobic capacity (peakVO?2, Peak O2pulse) and ventilation efifciency (PETCO2@AT, VE?/VC?O2@AT), allP<0.05. At (8±2) months after sildenaifl treatment, aerobic capacity and ventilation efifciency was improved, meanwhile, NYHA function class, 6MWD and plasma levels of NT-proBNP were improved, allP<0.05. At (16±2) months after sildenaifl treatment, 6MWD was similar,P=0.26, while peak VO?2 and peak O2 pulse were decreased than they were at (8±2) months after sildenaifl treatment,P=0.04 and 0.06; the ventilation efifciency was elevated (as presented by increased VE?/VC?O2@AT and decreased PETCO2@AT,P=0.04 and P=0.04); plasma level of NT-proBNP was increased,P=0.05. Conclusion: CPET can effectively evaluate sildenaifl effect for treating PAH patients and therefore and guide the drugs therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the differences of ventilation function in patients between chronic right heart failure secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic whole heart failure secondary to left heart diseases. Methods:A total of 102 patients with clinical stable chronic heart failure (CHF) were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups:Whole heart failure (WHF) group, n=41 and Right heart failure (RHF) group, n=61. The ventilation function test at rest and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) were conducted and compared between 2 groups. Results: The rest ventilation function was similar between 2 groups. For CPX examination, compared with WHF group, RHF group had the lower peak minute ventilation (VE), higher anaerobic threshold and peak minute ventilation/CO2 production (VE/VCO2), higher peak dead space volume/tidal volume (VD/VT), all P Conclusion:At exercise condition, RHF patients had decreased ventilation function and ventilation index due to severe abnormality of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q).
ABSTRACT
Background It is well known that diabetic retinopathy(DR) involves in complex pathogenesis.Worse outcome of brain ischemia with hyperglycemia is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK).However,the effect of phosphorylation of MAPK signal pathway on DR needs further investigation.Objective This study was to explore the the possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(ERK1/2)in DR.Methods Sixty SPF SD rats aged 8-weeks were grouped into the control group and diabetes group.Diabetic models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) dissolved in citric acid buffer.Blood glucose level was more than 16.7 mmol/L were used as the diabetic group.The equivalent amount of citric acid buffer was injected in the same way in the rats of the control group.The rats were sacrificed and retinas were isolated in 4 weeks and 12 weeks after modeling.The morphology of rat retinas was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The relative expression levels of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(absorption,A value) in rat retinas were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Blood glucose levels of rats were significantly higher than those in the diabetic group compared with the control group at both 4 and 12 weeks after modeling(t=14.174,13.771,both at P＜0.05).In addition,the body weight was significantly lower and the drinking was much more in the rats of the diabetic group in comparison with the control group in 12 weeks(t=8.670,18.725,both at P＜0.05).Twelve weeks after modeling,the decrease of retinal thickness,swelling of outer plexiform layer and decline of number of retinal ganglion cells,rods and cones were seen under the optical microscope.The relative expression levels of GFAP in the retinas were 3 197.1 ±13.1 and 7 202.0±56.8 in the diabetic group at the 4 and 12 weeks,which were significantly higher than those in the control group (2 152.8 ± 16.1 and 2 337.0±8.6) (t =6.327,16.417,both at P＜0.05).In 12 weeks after modeling,the relative expression level of phosphorylated-ERK 1/2 was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group (2 850.6±2.4 versus 1 274.6± 1.3),showing a significant difference between them (t =12.771,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway is involved in the STZ-induced DR through mediating the activation of Müller cells and inducing the apoptosis of photoreceptor and ganglione cells.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a HPLC method for the determination of evodiamine and rutacarpine in Zhuyu Hewei Zhitong capsules.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The separation was performed at 30 degrees C on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) eluted with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(45:55). The detection wavelength was 250 nm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standard curve for evodiamine is linear in the range of 0.0510-0.560 microg, the average recovery was 97.5% (RSD 1.0%). The standard curve for rutacarpine is linear in the range of 0.0508-0.559 microg, the average recovery was 98.7% (RSD 1.5%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is specific, accurate and stable. It can be used for detemination of evodiamine and rutacarpine in Zhuyu Hewei Zhitong capsules.</p>